National monuments are federal lands protected by Congress or the President of of the United States, as authorized by the Antiquities Act of 1906. They are listed below in chronological order of establishment.
Theodore Roosevelt Administration
(Number of national monuments designated by the President: 17; Congress: 0)
Devils Tower National Monument, WY – 1906 – T. Roosevelt
El Morro National Monument, NM – 1906 – T. Roosevelt
Montezuma Castle National Monument, AZ – 1906 – T. Roosevelt
Petrified Forest National Monument, AZ – 1906 – T. Roosevelt – redesignated Petrified Forest National Park in 1958
Chaco Canyon National Monument, NM – 1907 – T. Roosevelt – redesignated Chaco Culture National Historical Park in 1980
Cinder Cone National Monument & Lassen Peak National Monument, CA – 1907 – T. Roosevelt – redesignated Lassen Volcanic National Park in 1916
Tonto National Monument, AZ – 1907 – T. Roosevelt
Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument, NM – 1907 – T. Roosevelt
Muir Woods National Monument, CA – 1908 – T. Roosevelt
Grand Canyon National Monument & Grand Canyon National Monument II, AZ – 1908 & 1932 – T. Roosevelt & Hoover – redesignated Grand Canyon National Park in 1919 & 1975
Pinnacles National Monument, CA – 1908 – T. Roosevelt – redesignated Pinnacles National Park in 2013
Jewel Cave National Monument, SD – 1908 – T. Roosevelt
Natural Bridges National Monument, UT – 1908 – T. Roosevelt
Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument, MT – 1908 – T. Roosevelt – undesignated by Congress in 1937, now Lewis and Clark Caverns State Park
Tumacacori National Monument, AZ – 1908 – T. Roosevelt – redesignated Tumacacori National Historical Park in 1990
Wheeler National Monument, CO – 1908 – T. Roosevelt – undesignated by Congress in 1950, now Wheeler Geologic Area
Mount Olympus National Monument, WA – 1909 – T. Roosevelt – redesignated Olympic National Park in 1938
William Howard Taft Administration
(Number of national monuments designated by the President: 10; Congress: 0)
Navajo National Monument, AZ – 1909 – Taft
Oregon Caves National Monument, OR – 1909 – Taft – redesignated Oregon Caves National Monument and Preserve
Mukuntu-weap National Monument, UT – 1909 – Taft & Zion National Monument II (Kolob Section) – 1937 – F. Roosevelt – redesignated Zion National Park in 1919 & 1956
Shoshone Cavern National Monument, WY – 1909 – Taft – undesignated by Congress in 1954, now Spirit Mountain Cave
Gran Quivira National Monument, NM – 1909 – Taft – renamed Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument in 1988
Sitka National Monument, AK – 1910 – Taft – redesignated Sitka National Historical Park in 1972
Rainbow Bridge National Monument, UT – 1910 – Taft
Big Hole Battlefield National Monument, MT – 1910 – Taft – redesignated Big Hole National Battlefield in 1963
Devils Postpile National Monument, CA – 1911 – Taft
Colorado National Monument, CO – 1911 – Taft
Woodrow Wilson Administration
(Number of national monuments designated by the President: 13; Congress: 0)
Cabrillo National Monument, CA – 1913 – Wilson
Papago-Saguaro National Monument, AZ – 1914 – Wilson – undesignated by Congress in 1930, now Papago Park
Dinosaur National Monument, UT, CO – 1915 – Wilson
Walnut Canyon National Monument, AZ – 1915 – Wilson
Bandelier National Monument, NM – 1916 – Wilson
Sieur de Monts National Monument, ME – 1916 – Wilson – redesignated Lafayette National Park in 1919, then renamed Acadia National Park in 1930
Capulin Mountain National Monument, NM – 1916 – Wilson – renamed Capulin Volcano National Monument in 1987
Old Kasaan National Monument, AK – 1916 – Wilson – undesignated by Congress in 1955, now Old Kasaan
Verendrye National Monument, ND – 1917 – Wilson – undesignated by Congress in 1956, now Verendrye Monument Site
Casa Grande Ruins National Monument, AZ – 1918 – Wilson – but originally Casa Grande Reservation in 1892
Katmai National Monument, AK – 1918 – Wilson – redesignated Katmai National Park and Preserve in 1980
Scotts Bluff National Monument, NE – 1919 – Wilson
Yucca House National Monument, CO – 1919 – Wilson
Warren G. Harding Administration
(Number of national monuments designated by the President: 8; Congress: 0)
Lehman Caves National Monument, NV – 1922 – Harding – redesignated Great Basin National Park in 1986
Timpanogos Cave National Monument, UT – 1922 – Harding
Fossil Cycad National Monument, SD – 1922 – Harding – undesignated by Congress in 1956, now Fossil Cycad site
Aztec Ruins National Monument, NM – 1923 – Harding
Hovenweep National Monument, UT, CO – 1923 – Harding
Mound City Group National Monument, OH – 1923 – Harding – redesignated Hopewell Culture National Historical Park in 1992
Pipe Spring National Monument, AZ – 1923 – Harding
Bryce Canyon National Monument, UT – 1923 – Harding – redesignated Bryce Canyon National Park in 1933
Calvin Coolidge Administration
(Number of national monuments designated by the President: 13; Congress: 2)
Carlsbad Caverns National Monument, NM – 1923 – Coolidge – redesignated Carlsbad Caverns National Park in 1930
Chiricahua National Monument, AZ – 1924 – Coolidge
Craters of the Moon National Monument, ID – 1924 – Coolidge – redesignated Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve in 2002
Fort Wood National Monument, NY, NJ – 1924 – Coolidge – renamed Statue of Liberty National Monument in 1965
Castle Pinckney National Monument, SC – 1924 – Coolidge – undesignated by Congress in 1956, now Castle Pinckney
Fort Pulaski National Monument, GA – 1924 – Coolidge
Fort Marion National Monument, FL – 1924 – Coolidge – renamed Castillo de San Marcos National Monument in 1942
Fort Matanzas National Monument, FL – 1924 – Coolidge
Wupatki National Monument, AZ – 1924 – Coolidge
Fort McHenry National Park, MD – 1925 – Congress – redesignated Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine
Meriwether Lewis National Monument, TN – 1925 – Coolidge – reorganized as a part of Natchez Trace Parkway – now called Meriwether Lewis Site
Glacier Bay National Monument, AK – 1925 – Coolidge – redesignated Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve
Father Millet Cross National Monument, NY – 1925- Coolidge – undesignated, now Old Fort Niagara State Park
Lava Beds National Monument, CA – 1925- Coolidge
Kill Devil Hill National Monument, NC – 1927 – Congress – redesignated Wright Brothers National Memorial in 1953
Herbert Hoover Administration
(Number of national monuments designated by the President: 9; Congress: 3)
Arches National Monument, UT – 1929 – Hoover – Arches National Park
Holy Cross National Monument, CO – 1929 – Hoover – undesignated, now Holy Cross
Colonial National Monument, VA – 1930 – Congress – redesignated Colonial National Historical Park
George Washington Birthplace National Monument, VA – 1930 – Congress
Sunset Crater National Monument, AZ – 1930 – Hoover – renamed Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument
Canyon de Chelly National Monument, AZ – 1931 – Congress
Great Sand Dunes National Monument, CO – 1932 – Hoover – redesignated Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve
White Sands National Monument, NM – 1933 – Hoover – redesignated White Sands National Park
Death Valley National Monument, CA – 1933 – Hoover – redesignated Death Valley National Park
Saguaro National Monument, AZ – 1933 – Hoover – redesignated Saguaro National Park
Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Monument, CO – 1933 – Hoover – redesignated Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park
Franklin D. Roosevelt Administration
(Number of national monuments designated by the President: 11; Congress: 15)
Cedar Breaks National Monument, UT – 1933 – F. Roosevelt
Ocmulgee National Monument, GA – 1934 – originally chosen by Congress to be organized as a national park, but changed to national monument when created in 1936
Fort Jefferson National Monument, FL – 1935 – F. Roosevelt – redesignated Dry Tortugas National Park
Appomattox National Monument, VA – 1935 authorized, 1940 established – Congress – redesignated Appomattox Court House National Historical Park
Patrick Henry National Monument, VA – 1935 authorized – Congress – established as an affiliated area in 1986 – Red Hill Patrick Henry National Memorial
Fort Stanwix National Monument, NY – 1935 – Congress
Ackia Battleground National Monument, MS – 1935 – Congress – reorganized as part of Natchez Trace Parkway – now called Chickasaw Village
Andrew Johnson National Monument, TN – 1935 – authorized, established in 1942 – Congress – redesignated a national historic site in 1963
Joshua Tree National Monument, CA – 1936 – F. Roosevelt – redesignated Joshua Tree National Park
Homestead National Monument of America, NE – 1936 – Congress
Fort Frederica National Monument, GA – 1936 – Congress
Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial National Monument, OH – 1936 – Congress – redesignated Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial in 1972
Whitman National Monument, OR – 1936 – Congress – redesignated Whitman Mission National Historic Site
Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, AZ – 1937 – F. Roosevelt
Capitol Reef National Monument, UT – 1937 – F. Roosevelt – redesignated Capitol Reef National Park
Pipestone National Monument, MN – 1937 – Congress
Channel Islands National Monument, CA – 1938 – F. Roosevelt – redesignated Channel Islands National Park
Fort Laramie National Monument, WY – 1938 – F. Roosevelt – redesignated Fort Laramie National Historic Site
Badlands National Monument, SD – 1939 – Congress – redesignated Badlands National Park
Santa Rosa Island National Monument, FL, MS – 1939 – F. Roosevelt – redesignated Gulf Islands National Seashore
Tuzigoot National Monument, AZ – 1939 – F. Roosevelt
Custer Battlefield National Monument, MT – 1940 – Congress – renamed Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument
Jackson Hole National Monument, WY – 1943 – F. Roosevelt – redesignated Grand Teton National Park
George Washington Carver National Monument, MO – 1943 – Congress
Harpers Ferry National Monument, WV – 1944 – Congress – redesignated Harpers Ferry National Historical Park
Harry S. Truman Administration
(Number of national monuments designated by the President: 1; Congress: 5)
Castle Clinton National Monument, NY – 1946 – Congress
Fort Vancouver National Monument, WA, OR – 1948 – Congress – redesignated Fort Vancouver National Historic Site
Fort Sumter National Monument, SC – 1948 – Congress
Saint Croix Island National Monument, ME-NB, 1949 – Congress – redesignated Saint Croix Island International Historic Site
Effigy Mounds National Monument, IA – 1949 – Truman
Grand Portage National Monument, MN – 1951 – originally designated as a national historic site, but redesignated in 1958 as a national monument by Congress
Dwight D. Eisenhower Administration
(Number of national monuments designated by the President: 3; Congress: 2)
Fort Union National Monument, NM – 1954 – Congress
Booker T. Washington National Monument, VA – 1956 – Congress
Edison Laboratory National Monument, NJ – 1956 – Eisenhower – redesignated Edison National Historic Site in 1962, then Thomas Edison National Historical Park in 2009
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Monument, MD – 1961 – Eisenhower – redesignated Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park (C&O)
Russell Cave National Monument, AL – 1961 – Eisenhower
John F. Kennedy Administration
(Number of national monuments designated by the President: 1; Congress: 0)
Buck Island Reef National Monument, U.S. Virgin Islands – 1961 – Kennedy
Lyndon B. Johnson Administration
(Number of national monuments designated by the President: 1; Congress: 3)
Agate Fossil Beds National Monument, NE – 1965 – authorized, but not established until 1997
Pecos National Monument, NM – 1965 – Congress – redesignated Pecos National Historical Park
Alibates Flint Quarries and Texas Panhandle Pueblo Culture National Monument, TX – 1965 – Congress – renamed Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument
Biscayne National Monument, FL – 1968 – Congress – redesignated Biscayne National Park
Marble Canyon National Monument, AZ – 1969 – L. Johnson – incorporated into Grand Canyon National Park
Congress during the Richard M. Nixon Administration
(Number of national monuments designated by the President: 0; Congress: 3)
Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument, CO – 1969 – Congress
Hohokam Pima National Monument, AZ – 1972 – Congress
Fossil Butte National Monument, WY – 1972 – Congress
Congress during the Gerald R. Ford Administration
(Number of national monuments designated by the President: 0; Congress: 2)
John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, OR – 1974 – Congress
Congaree Swamp National Monument, SC – 1976 – Congress – redesignated Congaree National Park
Jimmy Carter Administration
(Number of national monuments designated by the President: 15; Congress: 0)
Admiralty Island National Monument (USFS), AK – 1978 – Carter
Aniakchak National Monument & Preserve, AK – 1978 – Carter
Becharof National Monument, AK – 1978 – Carter – redesignated Becharof National Wildlife Refuge
Bering Land Bridge National Monument, AK – 1978 – Carter – redesignated Bering Land Bridge National Preserve
Cape Krusenstern National Monument, AK – 1978 – Carter
Denali National Monument, AK – 1978 – Carter – redesignated Denali National Park and Preserve
Gates of the Arctic National Monument, AK – 1978 – Carter – redesignated Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve
Kenai Fjords National Monument, AK – 1978 – Carter – redesignated Kenai Fjords National Park
Kobuk Valley National Monument, AK – 1978 – Carter – redesignated Kobuk Valley National Park
Lake Clark National Monument, AK – 1978 – Carter – redesignated Lake Clark National Park and Preserve
Misty Fjords National Monument (USFS), AK – 1978 – Carter
Noatak National Monument, AK – 1978 – Carter – redesignated Noatak National Preserve
Wrangell-St. Elias National Monument, AK – 1978 – Carter – redesignated Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve
Yukon-Charley Rivers National Monument, AK – 1978 – Carter – redesignated Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve
Yukon Flats National Monument, AK – 1978 – Carter – redesignated Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge
Congress during the Ronald Reagan Administration
(Number of national monuments designated by the President: 0; Congress: 4)
Mount Saint Helens National Volcanic Monument (USFS), WA – 1982 – Congress
El Malpais National Monument, NM – 1987 – Congress
Poverty Point National Monument, LA – 1988 – Congress
Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument, ID – 1988 – Congress
Congress during the George H. W. Bush Administration
(Number of national monuments designated by the President: 0; Congress: 2)
Petroglyph National Monument, NM – 1990 – Congress
Newberry National Volcanic Monument (USFS), OR – 1990 – Congress
Bill Clinton Administration
(Number of national monuments designated by the President: 20; Congress: 1)
Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (BLM), UT – 1996 – Clinton
Agua Fria National Monument (BLM), AZ – 2000 – Clinton
California Coastal National Monument (BLM), CA – 2000 – Clinton
Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument (NPS-BLM), AZ – 2000 – Clinton
Giant Sequoia National Monument (USFS), CA – 2000 – Clinton
Canyons of the Ancients National Monument (BLM), CO – 2000 – Clinton
Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument (BLM), OR – 2000 – Clinton
Hanford Reach National Monument (FWS-DOD), WA – 2000 – Clinton
Ironwood Forest National Monument (BLM), AZ – 2000 – Clinton
President Lincoln’s Cottage at the Soldiers’ Home (AFRH), DC – 2000 – Clinton
Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument (USFS-BLM), CA – 2000 – Congress
Vermilion Cliffs National Monument (BLM), AZ – 2000 – Clinton
Carrizo Plain National Monument (BLM), CA – 2001 – Clinton
Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument (BLM), NM – 2001 – Clinton
Minidoka Internment National Monument, ID – 2001 – Clinton – redesignated Minidoka National Historic Site
Pompeys Pillar National Monument (BLM), MT – 2001 – Clinton
Sonoran Desert National Monument (BLM), AZ – 2001 – Clinton
Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument (BLM), MT – 2001 – Clinton
Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument, U.S. Virgin Islands – 2001 – Clinton
Governors Island National Monument, NY – 2001 – Clinton
George W. Bush Administration
(Number of national monuments designated by the President: 6; Congress: 0)
African Burial Ground National Monument, NY – 2006 – G. W. Bush
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands National Monument, HI – 2006 – G. W. Bush – renamed Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (FWS-NOAA)
World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument – 2008 – G. W. Bush
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- Alaska Unit (Attu Battlefield, Kiska Occupation Site) – renamed Aleutian Islands World War II National Monument (FWS)
- California Unit (Tule Lake Internment) – renamed Tule Lake National Monument (NPS-FWS)
- Hawaii Unit (USS Arizona, et al.) – renamed Pearl Harbor National Memorial (NPS)
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Marianas Trench Marine National Monument (FWS-NOAA), Northern Mariana Islands-Guam – 2009 – G. W. Bush
Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument (FWS-NOAA), U.S. Minor Outlying Islands – 2009 – G. W. Bush
Rose Atoll Marine National Monument (FWS-NOAA), American Samoa – 2009 – G. W. Bush
Barack Obama Administration
(Number of national monuments designated by the President: 29; Congress: 2)
Prehistoric Trackways National Monument (BLM), NM – 2009 – Congress
Fort Monroe National Monument, VA – 2011 – Obama
Fort Ord National Monument (BLM), CA – 2012 – Obama
Chimney Rock National Monument (USFS), CO – 2012 – Obama
César E. Chávez National Monument, CA – 2012 – Obama
San Juan Islands National Monument (BLM), WA – 2013 – Obama
Rio Grande del Norte National Monument (BLM), NM – 2013 – Obama
Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Monument (FWS), MD – 2013 – Obama – redesignated Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Historical Park
First State National Monument, DE – 2013 – Obama – redesignated First State National Historical Park
Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers National Monument, OH – 2013 – Obama
Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument (BLM), NM – 2014 – Obama
San Gabriel Mountains National Monument (USFS), CA – 2014 – Obama
Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument, NV – 2014 – Congress
Honouliuli National Monument, HI – 2015 – Obama
Pullman National Monument, IL – 2015 – Obama
Browns Canyon National Monument (USFS-BLM), CO – 2015 – Obama
Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument (USFS-BLM), CA – 2015 – Obama
Waco Mammoth National Monument, TX – 2015 – Obama
Basin and Range National Monument (BLM), NV – 2015 – Obama
Castle Mountains National Monument, CA – 2016 – Obama
Mojave Trails National Monument (BLM), CA – 2016 – Obama
Sand To Snow National Monument (USFS-BLM), CA – 2016 – Obama
Belmont-Paul Women’s Equality National Monument, DC – 2016 – Obama
Stonewall National Monument, NY – 2016 – Obama
Katahdin Woods and Waters National Monument, ME – 2016 – Obama
Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument (FWS-NOAA), MA – 2016 – Obama
Bears Ears National Monument (USFS-BLM), UT – 2016 – Obama
Gold Butte National Monument (BLM), NV – 2016 – Obama
Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument, AL – 2017 – Obama
Freedom Riders National Monument, AL – 2017 – Obama
Reconstruction Era National Monument, SC – 2017 – Obama – redesignated Reconstruction Era National Historical Park
Donald Trump Administration
(Number of national monuments designated by the President: 3; Congress: 4)
Camp Nelson National Monument, KY – 2018 – Trump
Medgar Evers National Monument, MS – 2019 – Congress
Mill Springs Battlefield National Monument, KY – 2019 – Congress
Jurassic National Monument (BLM), UT – 2019 – Congress
Joe Biden Administration
(Number of national monuments designated by the President: 3; Congress: 0)
Camp Hale-Continental Divide National Monument, CO – 2022 – Biden
Castner Range National Monument, TX – 2023 – Biden
Avi Kwa Ame National Monument, NV – 2023 – Biden
Interested in potential future national monument designations? Please see the proposed national monuments page.